Cookie Consent by FreePrivacyPolicy.com
Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Special Issue Articles

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Narrative, Environment, Social Justice

Genre, Space, and Social Critique in Chloé Zhao's Nomadland (2020)

Submitted
May 17, 2023
Published
2024-06-18

Abstract

This article examines the extent to which Nomadland is a convincing representation of poverty in the United States and to assess the film's political stance concerning race, gender, and age. By analyzing Nomadland's narrative and filmic techniques, this article points out three major characteristics of the film that are relevant for its portrayal of characters defined chiefly by their poverty and age. Firstly, Nomadland employs genres subtly to undercut their inherent ideological effects. Secondly, in its portrayal of space, it represents the characters as placemakers, showcasing their agency in the face of structural problems. Thirdly, it adopts a particular neorealist production style that lays a powerful claim to authenticity.

While the film falls short of addressing the root causes of poverty and bypasses the question of race altogether, Nomadland serves as an exemplary model of socially conscious filmmaking in other regards. It transcends mere entertainment and counters a more mainstream strategy of personalizing structural problems through a nuanced portrayal of elderly working nomads while also displaying attention to gender and age.

References

  1. American Honey. Directed by Andrea Arnold, A24, 2016.
  2. Archer, Neil. The Road Movie: In Search of Meaning. WallFlower P, 2016.
  3. Augé, Marc. Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. Verso, 1992.
  4. Bakhtin, Mikhail M. "Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel: Notes toward a Historical Poetics." The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, edited by Michael Holquist. 1981. U of Texas P, 2020, pp. 84–258.
  5. Berlant, Lauren. Cruel Optimism. Duke UP, 2011.
  6. Bracke, Sarah. "Bouncing Back: Vulnerability and Resistance in Times of Resilience." Vulnerability in Resistance, edited by Judith Butler et al., Duke UP, 2016, pp. 52–75.
  7. Brody, Richard. "Nomadland, Reviewed: Chloé Zhao's Nostalgic Portrait of Itinerant America." The New Yorker, 19 Feb. 2021, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/nomadland-reviewed-chloe-zhaos-nostalgic-portrait-of-itinerant-america.
  8. Brooks, Xan. "'It's an Utter Myth': How Nomadland Exposes the Cult of the Western." The Guardian, 9 Apr. 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/apr/09/its-an-utter-myth-how-nomadland-exposes-the-cult-of-the-western.
  9. Bruder, Jessica. Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century. W.W. Norton and Company, 2017.
  10. Bye, Susan. "Hard Times and Ordinary Lives: Warehouse Work on the Big Screen." Metro, no. 211, 2022, pp. 90–97.
  11. Casey, Edward S. The Fate of Place: A Philosophical History. U of California P, 1997.
  12. Cresswell, Tim. "Introduction: Theorizing Place." Mobilizing Place, Placing Mobility: The Politics of Representation in a Globalized World, edited by Ginette Verstraete and Tim Cresswell, Rodopi, 2002.
  13. Cresswell, Tim. Place: An Introduction. John Wiley and Sons, 2014.
  14. Desmond, Matthew, and Bruce Western. "Poverty in America: New Directions and Debates." Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 44, no. 1, 2018, pp. 305–18.
  15. Duncan, Cynthia M. Worlds Apart: Poverty and Politics in Rural America. 2nd ed., Yale UP, 2015.
  16. Eager, Bronwyn, et al. "The Silver Economy on Wheels: A Narrative Review of the Mature-aged, Hypermobile Gig Worker Phenomena." Small Enterprise Research, vol. 29, no. 1, 2022, pp. 68–85, https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2022.2032295.
  17. Evans, Brad, and Julian Reid. Resilient Life: The Art of Living Dangerously. Polity P, 2014.
  18. Feeney, Megan. "Nomadland." Cineaste, Summer 2021, pp. 44–46.
  19. Foucault, Michel. "Of Other Spaces." Translated from the French by Jay Miskowiec, Diacritics, vol. 16, no. 1, Spring, 1986, pp. 22–27, https://www.jstor.org/stable/464648.
  20. Fraile-Marcos, Ana María. "Introduction: Glocal Narratives of Resilience and Healing." Glocal Narratives of Resilience, edited by Ana María Fraile-Marcos, Routledge, 2020, pp. 1–20.
  21. Gupta, Arun and Michelle Fawcett. "What Nomadland Gets Wrong about Poverty." Culture, In These Times, vol. 45, no. 5, 2021, pp. 36–37.
  22. Gutterman, Annabel. "What to Know about Nomadland and the Real-Life Community behind the Movie." Time, 15 Feb. 2021, https://time.com/5938982/nomadland-true-story.
  23. Hansen Löve, Katharina. The Evolution of Space in Russian Literature: A Spatial Reading of 19th and 20th Century Narrative Literature. Rodopi, 1994. Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics 22.
  24. James, Robin. Resilience and Melancholy: Pop Music, Feminism, Neoliberalism. Zero Books, 2015.
  25. Johnston, Claire. "Women's Cinema as Counter-Cinema." Notes on Women's Cinema, edited by Claire Johnston, SEFT, 1973, pp. 24–31.
  26. Jurewicz, Joanna. "The Romanticized Poverty of Nomadland." Cinéaste, vol. 46, no. 4, 2021, p. 41.
  27. Kisner, Jordan. "The Western Rides Again." The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 327, no. 4, 2021, pp. 86–93.
  28. Laderman, David. Driving Visions: Exploring the Road Movie. 2002. U of Texas P, 2021.
  29. Langford, Barry. Film Genre: Hollywood and Beyond. Edinburgh UP, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474470131.
  30. Leave No Trace. Directed by Debra Granik, Bleecker Street Media, 2018.
  31. Leroi-Gourhan, André. Gesture and Speech. MIT Press, 1993.
  32. Lotman, Jurij Michajlovič. The Structure of the Artistic Text. 1970. U of Michigan P, 1977.
  33. Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden. Oxford UP, 1964.
  34. Massey, Doreen B. For Space. Sage, 2005.
  35. Matschi, Alexander. "Representing Space in Literature: Narratological Categories and Practical Analyses." Key Concepts and New Topics in English and American Studies, edited by Ansgar Nünning and Elizabeth Kovach, WVT, 2014, pp. 177–97.
  36. Neher, Erick. "American Stories." The Hudson Review, vol. 74, no. 1, 2021, pp. 130–35.
  37. Nomadland. Directed by Chloé Zhao, performances by Frances McDormand et al., Cor Cordium Productions, 2020.
  38. "Nomadland Awards." IMDb, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9770150/awards/?ref_=tt_awd, accessed 25 Mar. 2024.
  39. "Nomadland." Box Office Mojo, https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt9770150/, accessed 25 Mar. 2024.
  40. "Nomadland." Rotten Tomatoes, https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nomadland, accessed 25 Mar. 2024.
  41. Pimpare, Stephen. Ghettos, Tramps, and Welfare Queens: Down and Out on the Silver Screen. Oxford UP, 2017.
  42. Pimpare, Stephen. A People's History of Poverty in America. The New P, 2008.
  43. Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, 2nd ed., Routledge, 2008.
  44. The Rider. Directed by Chloé Zhao, Sony Pictures Classics, 2018.
  45. The Searchers. Directed by John Ford, Warner Bros., 1956.
  46. Songs My Brother Taught Me. Directed by Chloé Zhao, Kino Lorber, 2016.
  47. Sorin, Gretchen. Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights. Liveright, 2020.
  48. Vergari, Arianna. "Film Review: Nomadland by Chloé Zhao." European Journal of Women's Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, 2022, pp. 203–05, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13505068211065666.
  49. Wendy and Lucy. Directed by Kelly Reichardt, Oscilloscope Pictures, 2008.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 98

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.